环境宏基因组学
环境宏基因组学是基于环境样品中的DNA分析，对微生物群落中生物体的研究。
具体包括分析来自深海火山口的水样中的微生物种群，或来自人为环境（如活性矿物矿井）的土壤样品。环境宏基因组学的研究数据被用于农业微生物组分析、生态修复，或其他的生物学研究。
新一代测序用于环境宏基因组学
在新一代测序（NGS）出现之前，环境宏基因组学作为一个领域是极其有限的。NGS让研究人员能够分析复杂样品中的整个微生物群落，发现新的生物，并探索不断变化的条件下微生物种群的动态性质。
根据希望获得的信息不同，环境宏基因组学研究所用的NGS方法也不同，具体包括：
Get the Illumina DNA Prep Advantage
A fast, integrated workflow for a wide range of applications, from human whole-genome sequencing to amplicons, plasmids, and microbial species.
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The Earth BioGenome Project is a confederated network of partner organizations and affiliated projects that have a common goal of sequencing and annotating the genomes of all 1.5 million known species of eukaryotes on the planet in 10 years.
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Environmental Metagenomics Research Stories
Driving Insights Through Microbiome Profiling
This metagenomic shotgun sequencing workflow enables accurate DNA detection from soil.
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eDNA Offers a Powerful Look at Biodiversity
NGS and environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding enable researchers to monitor a variety of ecosystems accurately.
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Sailing the Seven Seas for an Epic Plankton Study
An epic ocean expedition sequenced salt water samples from around the globe to survey plankton diversity in marine ecosystems.
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Learn about the use of NGS in efforts to map Stockholm’s subway microbiome and study the metagenome of urban environments in more than 67 cities worldwide.
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对环境DNA进行鸟枪法测序
环境DNA（eDNA）测序是一种迅速兴起的方法，可研究生物多样性并监测生态系统的改变。环境DNA的鸟枪法测序有助于研究可能在样本中大量存在的物种，例如细菌或小型真核生物。
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Researching Microbial Symbiosis
University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers explore a microbe-cycling hypothesis with tree sloths and paired-end 16S amplicon sequencing.
Metagenomics of Wine and Cheese Facilities
Researchers use NGS to identify and understand the constellation of microbes that deliver flavor to cheese and wine.
参考文献
- McLean JS, Lombardo MJ, Ziegler MG, Novotny M, Yee-Greenbaum J, et al. (2013) Genome of the pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis recovered from a biofilm in a hospital sink using a high-throughput single-cell genomics platform. Genome Res 23:867–77.
- Schofield MM, Sherman DH. (2013) Meta-omic characterization of prokaryotic gene clusters for natural product biosynthesis. Curr Opin Biotechnol 24:1–8.
- Wilson MC, Piel J. (2013) Metagenomic approaches for exploiting uncultivated bacteria as a resource for novel biosynthetic enzymology. Chem Biol 20:636–47.